The process of molecular cloning involves separating DNA sequences from any organism and placing them into a vector without altering their original sequence for amplification. Clones can be used to make large copies of DNA fragments that are intended for sequencing genes or expressing proteins to study protein function and expression. They can also be genetically altered in the laboratory to change their expression and function. Generating recombinant DNA, called Molecular Cloning, has affected all branches of biology. Gene cloning has become a standard procedure in a wide range of molecular biology laboratories.

With the advent of various molecular cloning technologies, such as the incorporation of DNA fragments and their transfer to bacteria in less than two hours, or the use of alternative gene cassettes, this branch of science has gained maximum flexibility and speed. In the near future, the disciplines of molecular cloning and biological synthetics will gain capabilities in the chemical manufacture of any specified DNA construct in vitro. These breakthroughs allow for speedier DNA structure and clone synthesis, as well as the development of gene therapy vectors, recombinant protein production techniques, and novel vaccinations.